Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC A study compared ordinal scores between two groups (Ns = 9 and 8) using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p < 0.03). When the scores were compared using UniODA, p < 0.02, ESS = 66.7 (a relatively strong effect). While the Wilcoxon test is performed on ranks, UniODA is … Continue reading UniODA vs. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test: Invariance over Monotonic Transformations

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC Scores of N = 8 single and N = 6 married people on a survey measure of need for achievement were compared by point-biserial correlation: r = 0.82, p < 0.05. Comparing scores of married and single people using UniODA yielded a perfect model: ESS = 100, p … Continue reading UniODA vs. Point-Biserial Correlation: Marital Status and Need for Achievement

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC Taken together the ESS and D statistics elucidate a mystery that began with the discovery of statistical analysis. View journal article

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC Decision consistency is “…appropriate for describing the degree of consistency that is realized when educational and psychological measures are used to make pass/fail decisions about examinees”. In this method a test or parallel form is administered twice and the pass/fail decision at each testing is cross-classified. The fraction … Continue reading ESS as an Index of Decision Consistency

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC Analysis assessed structure underlying the cross-classification of occupational category of N = 3,396 sons and fathers. A plethora of linear legacy models have been developed for these data, without a clearly superior solution emerging. Structural decomposition analysis identified four models that together yielded a very strong effect. View … Continue reading UniODA-Based Structural Decomposition vs. Legacy Linear Models: Statics and Dynamics of Intergenerational Occupational Mobility

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC Analysis assessed structure underlying the cross-classification of religious affiliation of N = 1,995 adults, and their religious affiliation when they were 14 years of age. Typically true when using legacy methods to model mobility applications, no satisfactory linear model was identified, encouraging the authors to comment: “It is … Continue reading Modeling Religious Mobility by UniODA-Based Structural Decomposition

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC In prior reseach a sample of N = 601 male and N = 783 female parents in unhappy relationships used a five-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (much better to divorce) to 4 (much worse to divorce) to respond to a survey item: “When a marriage is troubled … Continue reading GO-CTA vs. Logit Models: Gender and Desirability of Divorce

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC A globally-optimal (GO) classification model yields moderate accuracy in modeling the voting behavior of N = 695 people as a function of occupational class. View journal article

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC A globally-optimal classification tree analysis (GO-CTA) model yields relatively strong predictive accuracy in modeling the behavior of N = 2,843 people voting for Senators in statewide elections. View journal article

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC A five-factor factorial experiment was conducted to assess aspects of the manufacturing process that affected product quality. All factors were binary, and each of the 32 cells in the design had N = 1. The findings of analyses using factorial ANOVA versus using reverse CTA to identify factors … Continue reading Reverse CTA vs. Five-Factor Factorial ANOVA: Purifying a Crystalline Product

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC A globally-optimal classification tree analysis (GO-CTA) model yields strong predictive accuracy in modeling the training camp location preference of N = 8,036 WWII recruits. View journal article

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC Analysis assessed structure underlying the cross-classification of social class of N = 9,434 son’s aged 20-64 years, and their father’s social class when the son was 14 years of age. No satisfactory log-linear model was identified. UniODA-based structural decomposition analysis identified four models that together yielded a strong … Continue reading UniODA-Based Structural Decomposition vs. Log-Linear Model: Statics and Dynamics of Intergenerational Class Mobility

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC The cross-classification of N = 1,264 college students by the area of study in which they intended to major, and the area of study in which they received their degree, is modeled by UniODA-based structural decomposition. View journal article

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC A survey-based study comparing N = 494 divorcees and N = 542 married people collected binary data for three attributes: respondent gender; if the respondent reported having pre-marital sex (PMS); and if the respondent reported having extra-marital sex (EMS). Analysis via globally-optimal CTA (GO-CTA) identified a moderately strong … Continue reading Predicting Divorce: The Role of Gender, and of Pre- and Extra-Marital Sex

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC Several examples used to illustrate generalized linear interactive modeling violate crucial assumptions underlying chi-square, advocate arbitrary parsing of attributes, and conduct statistically unmotivated agglomeration of class categories. Violating assumptions call the validity of the estimated effect and associated Type I error rate into question, and arbitrary parsing and … Continue reading Generalized Linear Interactive Modeling: Four Wrongs Don’t Make a Right

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC For an application involving two ordered attributes the chi-square four corner cells (CSFC) test is described as a “quick preliminary test” in lieu of factorial ANOVA. In this procedure a 2 x 2 contingency table is constructed using only the highest and lowest possible values of both measures: … Continue reading Chi-Square Corner Cells Test: Two Wrongs Don’t Make a Right

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC The association between work shift and the quality of raw material produced—rated using a six-point graduated index—was incorrectly assessed using chi-square analysis. Findings were compared with results of maximum-accuracy analysis via UniODA. View journal article

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC Production units for concentrating dilute acid are subject to failure as a result of corrosion. Seven units were selected from each of nine factories representing three groups according to the type of acid being concentrated. Productivity before failure was compared between type of acid and factory using doubly … Continue reading UniODA vs. Doubly Incomplete Three- Factor ANOVA: Production Failure Attributable to Acid Corrosion

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC Consumer opinion of two competing brands of frozen dinners was rated by six independent purchasing managers, each using a 10-point Likert-type scale. Comparing ratings using the Wilcoxon rank sum test revealed no statistically significant difference between brands (p > 0.10). Using UniODA there was a statistically marginal (p … Continue reading UniODA vs. Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test: A Small-Sample Paired Experiment

Paul R. Yarnold Optimal Data Analysis, LLC The percentage of voters favoring a political candidate was compared between four wards by chi-square analysis versus by UniODA. View journal article